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Our Goal: To Develop a
National Model for Handheld Computer Integration within the Seaford School
District
“I think it is important to encourage others to try new
technologies and to extend themselves into new areas. Whether it is a
colleague, someone who works for you, or someone you meet at a conference,
encourage him or her by talking enthusiastically about something you've
recently learned. Take the time to show him or her how to get started. Share
your sandbox. Sometimes it takes someone's holding your hand to get you
going; pass on that favor to other people. It is to everyone's benefit to
create a stimulating, creative, and renewing work environment.” (Stevenson,
2002)
The power and potential of the Handheld Computer (Palm or Pocket PC) is just
beginning to be realized by educators around the country. According to
Pownell and Bailey (2001) the “handheld computers are at the
forefront
of the fourth wave in the evolution of technology. Each wave has ushered in
new ideas of teaching and learning with and about technology.”
The Seaford School District began using handheld computers in the
secondary classrooms in the fall of 2004. These computers were be
purchased from a variety of state, federal and local resources and were
designated for in-class and take home use by students. This
instructional integration was the focus of professional development for teachers and staff during the
summer and fall of 2004.
The instructional uses of the
handheld computers will be encouraged in secondary schools. As
a starting point, the district focused on these integration strategies:
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Using the graphing software to
analyze data and interpret it immediately
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Attaching the keyboard and use
the word processing applications to complete reports, journals and lab
reports
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Creating spreadsheets
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Composing stories in class and
illustrating them via the handheld with drawing programs
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Researching from Internet sites
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Utilizing 3rd party
software for curriculum, instruction and assessment
One of the implementation components was be the availability of the
handhelds to be checked out for home use by students. While students
may not be able to access the Internet functions of the handhelds from home,
students could use the technology as a reference tool to access encyclopedias,
create Microsoft Word documents, complete spreadsheet functions and access 3rd
party software. This assists in
bridging the digital divide that
exists in the Seaford community.
However, these instructional projects only focused on student use in the
classroom and home environments. The teachers and staff in the
secondary schools within the Seaford School District also needed access to handheld
technology inside and outside of the classroom and school setting in order
to become familiar with the technology and to implement
effective integration strategies.
In order to become familiar with handheld computers, it was essential that
they be given access to the new technology within a structured Learning
Community that fostered interaction, collaboration and experimentation.
Learning in this “digital sandbox” should not only increase teacher
skills, but motivate them to become
avid users.
The Learning
Community is a peer group of 4-5 participants who meet formally four times per school year to complete a series of structured
activities. These activities are designed to share new handheld ideas,
document usage on the project web site, read and react to one new piece of
research, and participate in the PFSE technology discussion group,
TeacherPRO. Participants meet in twelve Learning Communities
throughout the 3-year study. However, having the support group of
their Learning Community within their school assists teachers by having informal access
to questions and sharing
The Validity of Building
Learning Communities with Handheld Computers:
Studies have proven that the potential of handheld computers can increase
student motivation and achievement. SRI International conducted an
extensive study in 2002 that showed the following results from schools
participating in the Palm Educational Pioneer (PEP) program (Crawford,
2002):
·
89% of teachers
found the handheld computers to be an
effective instructional tool for
teachers
·
93% of teacher
believe that handheld computers can have a positive impact on
student achievement
·
95% of the
teachers said that their students were comfortable using handhelds
·
72% of the
teachers said that handheld computers were more easily used in the flow of
instruction than desktop computers
Another study found that teachers are motivated to develop their own
technology skills when the skills are linked to effective professional
development. Furthermore, “numerous literature surveys link student
technology achievement to teachers’ opportunities to develop their own
computer skills.” (Roschelle et al. 2002, page 90). It has been documented
that when teachers and staff have access to computers and technology outside
of the classroom, they increase the integration of these technologies inside
their classrooms (Becker, 2000).
This proposal calls for teachers to meet regularly in
structured Learning Communities
with peer support group to share implementation issues and to conduct
research on handheld integration. This peer support and mentoring model
reflects the findings of Teacher Professional Engagement and
Constructivist-Compatible Computer Use by Becker and Reil (2000). They
found that teachers who participate in professional growth structures
(interactive teachers) using their peers were more likely “to have their
students use computers on a regular basis during class time than teachers
who did not (private practice teachers).” They also offered the following
summary of findings:
This comes as no surprise. Meaningful
integration of computers and instruction is a difficult task, one that
requires contact, collaboration, and support from professional peers, the
school organization, and the educational community as a whole. If the
inferences we draw from this data are correct, the current focus on testing
students and holding teachers accountable is likely to engender a system in
which teachers do the same thing to students. If, on the other hand, what we
want from our schools is thoughtful and creative problem-solving and
constructive, independent thinking, the most effective way to achieve these
goals may be to design a system where teachers are encouraged to be
thoughtful and creative problem solvers in the design of
learning environments for students.
(page 29)
A
study conducted by ISTE (International Society for Technology in Education),
“Conditions for Classroom Technology Innovations” (Zhao, Pugh, Sheldon and
Byers, 2002) found that successful integration of technology innovations in
the classrooms was linked to “teacher proficiency in using hardware and
software and in understanding conditions that support technology use.” This
supports the notion that teachers need to be comfortable and familiar with
technology before they implement it in the classroom.
According to Stephen and Evan (2000), “Learning communities established by
mentoring relationships encourage collaboration, communication and team work
and provide on-going support in both technology and
pedagogy
for both mentors and mentees. Learning communities emerging from a
nurturing and supportive environment allow members to exchange ideas, share
experiences and learn together to accommodate
individual learning styles.”
Each participant in this project is required to do the following over a
three-year study:
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Agree to use a
handheld computer extensively for a 3 year period of time
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Participate in a
Learning Community
as an active member during this time period and post observations and
computer usage reports onto a web site designed for this project
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They will share
professional uses for the handhelds, to research integration strategies and
the exchange uses for the handhelds. Summaries of the meetings will be
posted on the web site.
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Keep an
on-line journal
of their uses for technology that will be
part of the Learning Community web site developed for and devoted to this
study
·
Participate in
pre and post surveys of participant perceptions and attitudes towards
handheld technology. The survey will be the Handheld Computer
Implementation Survey. Data will be collected by the school and by the
district in the fall of 2004, spring of 2005, the spring of 2006 and 2007.
Project Match with the Plan
for Social Excellence Vision:
This project reflects the following technology visions of the Plan for
Social Excellence, Inc. as established at the original North Salem site:
1. Building an electronic
environment where teachers, students, and administrators had network access
to new technologies.
The Seaford School District will fund
the implementation of a wireless network within each school using school
district funds. These networks will be implemented in the fall of 2004.
The handheld computers will then have the capacity to allow the staff member
total access to his/her network files, e-mail, calendar and the Internet in
a mobile environment. This electronic environment of using handheld
computers will allow staff members the freedom to experiment with different
applications without network limitations.
2. Implementing alternative
teaching and learning strategies that support the new technological
environment to better meet the needs of all students.
As staff members meet in their
Learning Communities, they can share different uses that they have
mastered. There will be 12 Learning Communities activities created
that will structure the quarterly meetings (4 per year). Each session will have
time for sharing and questioning, as well as login time for TeacherPRO
discussion and on-line journal entry.
There will be one class set of handheld
computers available for classroom use so that teachers can begin creating
instructional strategies for the technology integration. As staff becomes
more familiar with the technology, they will be encouraged to use the
technology in their classrooms as a tool to motivate student interest. This
will be supported through a variety of professional development
sessions aimed at creating higher-level technology integration lessons.
3. Creating a new
infrastructure, designed to support a new curriculum, integrated with
technology that would increase student ability to become pro-active
learners.
As staff members begin to use the
handheld computers in a “24/7” environment, they will begin to explore
integration ideas and strategies that would benefit students in several
ways. First, as teachers become motivated to use handheld computers,
students would be also become motivated to become expert users. Second,
students would have access to handheld computers outside of class
through a check out system. This will allow them to use the technology to
accomplish other instructional assignments beyond those planned for the
classroom. All of the staff interactions will be documented on a new web
site that will chronicle the use of the handhelds, as well become an
instructional resource for classroom integration ideas and strategies.
The North Salem Technology Project (Lessons
Learned: Evaluation of the North Salem Technology Project)
identified several frameworks for replication that are present in this
proposal:
·
The
importance of leadership and control by teachers
(“implementation contributed to creating
a sense of unity and shared purpose”)
·
The
importance of systematic and ongoing outreach to teachers
(“…encourage teachers’ embrace of
technology as a valuable tool and to stimulate not only their full
participation in project activities but also their creative initiative in
applying newly developed technology-related skills to their teaching.”)
·
The success
of the “teachers first” strategy
·
The
critical role of staff development
(peer learning communities)
·
Skill
acquisition enables project buy-in
(“initial skill development motivates
and catalyzes teacher buy-in and participation”)
This project meets the tenets of the Plan for Social Excellence. As
the Seaford School District began a 3 year study of handheld computers in the
fall of 2003, members of each of the existing Curriculum Innovation Teams
participated. Several times during the meetings and site visits, the
discussion arose from various members about the importance of teacher access
to handheld computers.
The establishment of Learning
Communities promotes the concepts of
teacher empowerment outside the usual bureaucratic structures. As staff
members meet in their Learning
Communities to share and exchange
ideas, they will become more empowered to use the technology in creative and
innovative ways. The research cited indicates that as they become more
comfortable with the technology, they will incorporate it into their
classrooms and work environments.
Other schools and school districts can
replicate
this project as they work to implement technology, and the
Learning Community model
is not limited to handheld computer technology. The three-year study will
measure growth in teacher perceptions as measured by the use of the scoring
rubric as a self-assessment instrument.
A
web site will be established for the following purposes to assist others in
a replication:
·
A journal of the
Seaford School District implementation plan will be available for other
schools and districts.
·
Data collected
with the scoring rubric will be displayed throughout the project.
·
Teacher anecdotal
information will be chronicled by grade level and subject level.
·
This web site
will assist the learning community model by providing a collection of
research and other documented sites for each learning community to access
monthly during their learning community meetings.

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